Glossary – Sydney Spine & Sports Centre (S3C)
This is a general list of terms that relate to chiropractic, physiotherapy, and successful back and neck pain treatments. Please contact either the Balmain or Dee Why Sydney Spine & Sports Centre (S3C) for more information.
A B C D E F G H I L M N O P R S T V X
A
Abbott- Saunders test
The Abbott-Saunders test is used to assess the integrity of the bicep tendon in the bicipital groove by placing the shoulder in large amounts of abduction
and external rotation and feeling for the biceps tendon to move in and out of the bicipital groove.
Abdomen
The abdomen is the part of the body that houses the digestive system and reproductive system. It’s the area between your ribs and pelvis.
Abdominals
The abdominals is term that is largely used to describe the muscles over your abdomen ‘6-pack’. They include the rectus abdominis, internal and external
obliques, and transverse abdominis.
Abdominal bracing
Abdominal bracing is the term used to describe a contraction of the abdominals. It is used during rehabilitation to improve the conditioning of the
abdominals.
Abdominal hollowing
This is the term given to the act of ‘drawing your belly button in” and giving your abdomen the appearing of looking hollow (sinking in).
Abductor hallucis strain
The abductor hallucis is the muscle that runs on the inside of the foot and bends the big toe out. When this becomes irritated and disrupted (tears) it is
called abductor hallucis strain.
Absorptiometry
This is a special technique used to measure the amount of radiation absorbed by tissues such as bone. It is a way to determine bone density.
Acceleration-deceleration injuries
This is a way to describe what we call a whiplash injury. There is acceleration and then a sudden deceleration (slowing down).
Acute inflammation
Inflammation that was been present for less that 4 weeks.
Acute neck pain
Neck pain that has been present for less than 4 weeks.
Acute mid back pain
Mid back pain that has been present for less than 4 weeks.
Acute low back pain
Low back pain that has been present for less than 4 weeks.
Acute lower back pain
Lower back pain that has been present for less than 4 weeks.
Acute shoulder pain
Shoulder pain that has been present for less than 4 weeks.
Acute elbow pain
Elbow pain that has been present for less than 4 weeks.
Acute wrist pain
Wrist pain that has been present for less than 4 weeks.
Acute hand pain
Hand pain that has been present for less than 4 weeks.
Acute hip pain
Hip pain that has been present for less than 4 weeks.
Acute knee pain
Knee pain that has been present for less than 4 weeks.
Acute ankle pain
Ankle pain that has been present for less than 4 weeks.
Acute foot pain
Foot pain that has been present for less than 4 weeks.
Active joint movement
Joint movements that can be achieved by voluntary movement of that joint. Usually what you show a chiropractor or physiotherapist during an assessment
Accessory joint movement
Joint movements beyond what can be done voluntarily. This movement is assessed with pressure from a chiropractor or physiotherapist over the joint
Achilles tendinopathy
Clinical term that implies pain, swelling, and reduced function of the Achilles tendon. Typically painful overuse but the term tendinopathy does not define the underlying pathological process causing the symptoms. Chiropractors and physiotherapists will use this term in the clinical setting often
Achilles paratenonopathy
A chiropractor or physiotherapist will use this term when the paratenon is clinically affected
Achilles panatendinopathy
A chiropractor or physiotherapist will use this terms when both the tendon and the paratenon are clinically affected
Achilles tendinosis
This is a histologic finding (under microscope) and involves a mucoid degeneration and collagen disorganisation with thin the Achilles tendon.
Chiropractors and physiotherapists will not use this term often
Achilles paratenonitis
This is a histologic finding (under microscope) and involves hyperaemia and inflammatory cells. Fibrosis and thickening. It is most common in specimens
from younger patients. This is not a term used regularly from chiropractors and physiotherapists
Achilles tendinitis
Inflammation of the Achilles tendon, particularly the peritendon. Not a term used often anymore as it implies that there is always inflammation present and
in most situations there is not. Chiropractors and physiotherapists will only use this term because everyone knows it and its easily to get a point across
Acromioclavicular (AC) joint
Joint between the acromion process of the scapula and the middle surface of clavicle (collar bone). A lot of chiropractors and physiotherapists will use
the abbreviated AC joint.
Acupuncture
typically assumes the use of small needle inserted into the muscles across various locations in the body to achieve a therapeutic effect. Chiropractors and
physiotherapists usually may call this dry needling or musculoskeletal acupuncture.
Adductor tendinopathy
Clinical term that implies pain, swelling, and reduced function of the adductor tendon. Typically painful overuse but the term tendinopathy does not define
the underlying pathological process causing the symptoms. Chiropractors and physiotherapists will use this term in the clinical setting often
Adductor paratenonopathy
A chiropractor or physiotherapist will use this term when the adductor paratenon is clinically affected
Adductor panatendinopathy
A chiropractor or physiotherapist will use this terms when both the adductor tendon and the paratenon are clinically affected
Adductor tendinosis
This is a histologic finding (under microscope) and involves a mucoid degeneration and collagen disorganisation with thin the adductor tendon.
Chiropractors and physiotherapists will not use this term often
Adductor paratenonitis
This is a histologic finding (under microscope) and involves hyperaemia and inflammatory cells. Fibrosis and thickening. It is most common in specimens
from younger patients. This is not a term used regularly from chiropractors and physiotherapists
Adductor tendinitis
Acute inflammation of the adductor tendon. Commonly occurring in athletes and horse riders. Chiropractors and physiotherapists will use this term.
Analgesia
Pain relief. A chiropractor or physiotherapist can do this through a varieties of treatments.
Ankle sprain
A stretched or torn ligament of the ankle. Very common presentation to physiotherapists and chiropractors.
Ankylosing spondylitis
A chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the spine and other joints. Chiropractors and physiotherapist see this presentation
often.
Apophyseal joint
Also known as a zygapophysial joint. These joints join two segments of the spine together. These are the joints that ‘crack’ when a chiropractor or
physiotherapist manipulates your spine.
Annulus fibrosis
This is the tough outer surface of the intervertebral disc. The very outer layers are ligamentous that secures the disc the vertebrae above and below.
Chiropractors and physiotherapist don’t usually say this as it is confusing, they will oftern just refer to the whole disc as a disc.
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
This is a ligament of the knee that is commonly injuries during twisting or deceleration of the knee.
Anti-inflammatory medication
Medications that actively reduce acute and chronic inflammation. Your chiropractor or physiotherapist may suggest taking these when inflammation is
present.
Apley’s test
Orthopaedic test of the knee. Targets the integrity of the meniscus. Used often by chiropractors and physiotherapists.
Apprehension test
A test that puts a joint in a position where it may feel like it’s about to dislocate. The chiropractor or physiotherapist will then note the patients face
or body language for apprehension.
Arthroscopy
The procedure where an endoscope (arthroscope) is inserted into a joint for observation or to perform surgery. Chiropractors and physiotherapists may have
to send you for one of these.
Articular cartilage
This is the cartilage that covers the ends of bones and forms the surfaces of joints. Chiropractors and physiotherapist promote strategies to preserve
this.
Atrophy
Describes a muscles shrinking in size due to a physiological or disease process. Common atrophies are observed after injury or surgery by chiropractors and
physiotherapists.
Avascular necrosis
This describes cell death due to a lack of blood supply. It commonly occurs after a fall onto the wrist. This is why chiropractors and physiotherapists
take these injuries so seriously.
Avulsion
This describes the action of tearing off or pulling away. Very common presentation to a chiropractor or physiotherapist.
Achilles tendon rupture
Acidosis
ACL
Acromioclavicular osteolysis
Active ankle brace
Active release technique (ART)
Active straight leg raise
Activities of daily living
Acute brachial neuritis
Acute injuries
Adhesive capsulitis of ankle
Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder
Adjustments
Adolescent patients
Adsons test
Advice
Age factor
Airway
Alexandrain posture
Allergic rhinitis
Allergies
Allmans classification for clavicular fractures
Altitude training
Anabolic steroids
Anaerobic glycolysis
Anaphylatic shock
Androgenic steroids
Anemia
Anuerysmal bone cyst
Aniscoria
Ankle injuries
Anatomy
Ankle fractures
Ankle sprains
Ankylosing spondylitis
Anorexia nervosa
Anterial tarsal tunnel syndrome
Anterior cruciate ligament
Anterior draws sign
Anterior drawer test
Anterior interosseous syndrome
Anterior knee pain
Anterior meniscofemoral ligament
Anterior glide
Anterior talar impingement syndrome
Anterior talofibular liagemnt (ATFL)
Antiestrogens
Anti-inflammatory deit
Antioxidants
Aortic insufficiency
Aortic stenosis
Apophyseal injuries
Arcade of Frishe
Arcade of Struthers
Arthritis
Arthrography
ASLR
Asphyxia
Asymmetric overload syndrome
Asymmetry
Atelectasis
Athletes heart
Athletic footwear
ATP
Attrition (burnout)
Axillary nerve
Axonotmesis
B
Baker’s cyst Common name for inflammation of the semimembranosus or the medial gastrocnemius bursa. Common presentation to our chiropractors and physiotherapists in Balmain and Dee Why
Bankart lesion An injury to the anterior shoulder following an anterior shoulder dislocation. The labrum of the gleniod is torn leaving an anterior pouch.
Biarthrodial muscles These are muscles that cross two different joints. They are usually more prone to injury and our chiropractors and physiotherapists in Balmain and Dee Why certainly see this
Biarthrodial muscles Muscles that span over two joints and have a function over those joints e.g. biceps brachii – shoulder flexion and elbow flexion.
Biofeedback This is the process of converting movement and physiological processes to conscious awareness. One common way our chiropractors or physiotherapist will do this is by filming a patient performing a task
Bone density testing this is a procedure to measure bone density or strength. Sometimes our chiropractors and physiotherapists will suggest this procedure.
Bone scan A bone scan is a special test that looks for damage in bones. It can detect infection, cancer and trauma. Our chiropractors and physiotherapists may suggest this in certain cases.
Bruxism Bruxism is grinding of the teeth.
Bucket handle tear This is a type of tear of the meniscus of the knee joint that forms a handle type flap that can be lodged into the joint or cause it tearing further. It is a common cause of a locked knee. Our chiropractors and physiotherapists will test for this during a knee exam.
Bursa sac of fluid with a function to reduce friction between structures. Bursae are a common pain sensitive structure and our chiropractors and physiotherapists treat bursae injuries commonly.
Bursitis Inflammation of a bursa, from irritation, infection or trauma. Our Sydney chiropractors and physiotherapists treat various forms of bursitis often.
Back extensors
Blance boards
Bakers cyst
Ballistic
Ballottement test
Bankart fracture
Bankart lesion
BAPS board
Barkov’s ligament
Basal metabolic rate
Battles sign
BCAA
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Bennetts fracture
Berg balance scale
Biceps brachii
Beiceps femoris
Biceps load test I and II
Biceps tendon
Bifurcate ligament sprain
Blackburn exercises
Bladder injury
Blisters
Bochdalek hernia
Bodyblade
Bone contusions
Bone cysts
Bone mass density
Bone tumours
Booth and Marvel transverse humeral ligament test
Boston overlap brace
Bounce home test
Boutonniere deformity
Bolwers thumb
Boxing
Brachial plexus
Brandt-Daroff exercises
Breast injuries
Breast pain
Bulimia nervosa
Bunion
Burner/stinger syndrome
Bursae
Bone bruise
Bilateral
Best practice guidelines
C
C-reactive protein
Calcaneal fibular ligament
Calcaneocubiod joint
CAM
Camelback sign of patella alta
Cardiac muscle
Cardiac tamponed
Cardiovascular training
Cardiovascular disorders
Carpal bones
Carpal bossing
Carpal dislocations
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Carpometacarpal joint
Cavovarus foot
Central fatigue
Central nervous system
Cerebral blood supply
Cervical nerve roots
Cervical pain
Cervical spine rehabilitation
Chest imaging
Cheyne-Stokes pattern
Chiropractors
Clarkes test
Clavicle
Claw toes
Closed chain rehabilitation exercises
Cochrane review
Codmans exercises
Collateral ligament injury
Colles fracture
Coma
Common fibularis
Compartment syndrome
Complex regional pain syndrome
Complications
Contraindications
Compression fractures
Compression splint
Computed tomography (CT)
Concussion
Conditioning
Condyles
Congenital heart disease
Congenital kyphosis
Conservative management
Continuous training
Contractibility of muscles
Control model
Contusions
Cooldown
Copenhagen neck disability scale
Coracohumeral arch
Core stabilisation
Cortisone
Costocondral separations
Costochondral trauma
Costoclavicular syndrome
Costosternal articulations
Costovertebral joints
Cozens test
Craig test
Cranial nerve examination
Cranial nerve palsies
Crossbridge cycling
Crossover test
Cruciate ligament injuries
Cryotherapy
CT athrography
Cumulative injury cycle
Cushing’s triad
Cyclist palsy
Calcaneal spur
Carpal tunnel
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Cauda equina
Cavitation
Central nervous system
Cervical spine
Chondromalacia patellae
Clarke’s test
Cloward’s spots
Coccydynia Pain
Colle’s fracture
Compartment syndrome
Conjoint tendon
Contusion
Coronary ligament
Corticosteroids
Cortisone
Costochondral junction
Crepitus
D
DALE (disability adjusted life expectancy)
De Kkeyn’s test
De Quervains disease
Deep peroneal nerve entrapment
Dee water running
Dehydration
Delayed onset muscle soreness
Delta single leg stance
Deltoid
Deltoid strength
Dementia
Depression
Dermatologic disorders
Dermatomes
DFLE (disability-free life expectancy)
Diabetes
Diaz’s disease
Diffuse brain injuries
Dilated cardiomyopathies
DIP joint
Disc
Disc lesions
Discogenic pain
Discontinuous muscle regeneration
Dislocations
Distal biceps tendon rupture
Distal radio (Galaezzi’s) fracture
Distal radio fractures
Distal radioulnar joint
Distal tibiofibular joint
Dix-halpite maneuver
Dizziness
DonJoy legend brace
Dorsal extrinsic ligaments of the wrist
Dorsal pedal artery entrapment
Dorsal PIP dislocations
Double crush syndrome
Drop test (pelvic)
Duty of care
Duverney’s fracture
Dynamic flexibility
Dynamic Lachmans test
Dynamic posterior shift test
Dyskinesis, scapular
Quervain’s disease
Deep transverse frictions
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Dermatome
Disc herniation
Discectomy
Diarthrodial joints
Double crush syndrome
Dupuytren’s contracture
Dura mater
Dynamometer
E
EAST (external abduction rotation stress test)
Eating disorders
Eccentric contraction
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Elastic stretch
Elasticity of muscles
Elbow injuries
Elderly
Electron beam computed tomography
End-plate fractures
Encephalopathy
End feel/ End play
Endometriosis
Endurance training
Energy systems in the human body
Epiphyseal injuries
Epley manoevuer
Erb’s point
Erector spinae
Eversion injuries
Eversion test
Ewings sarcoma
Exercise induced asthma
Exercise physiology
Exertion induced side ache
Exostosis
Extensibility of muscle
Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)
Extensor digitorum brevis disruption
Extensor disorders of the knee
External rotation stress
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy
Extremities
Extrinsic dorsal tendons
Eye hand coordination
Eye injury
Eccentric
Ecchymosis
Effusion
Electrical stimulation
Electrotherapy
Electromyography
Endfeel
Endorphins
Entrapment neuropathy
Erector spinae
Ergonomics
Extra-articular
Extraneural
F
Fabere test
Facet joint
Family history
Fascial hernia
Fast twitch muscle
FAT (femail athlete triad)
Fatigue
Fatty acids
FBI sign
Female athlete injuries
Femoral nerve
Fibroplasia
Figure 8 taping
Finkelsteins test
First metarsalphalageal joint
Fitter board exercises
Fixation
Flexibility
Flexion rotation drawer test
Felxor digitorum long musculotendinosis disruption
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor hallicus longus musculotendinoius disruption
Flexor pronator tendinosis
Flexor tendon injuries
Fluctuation test
Fluoroscopy
Focal brain injuries
Foot and ankle
Foot fractures
Football injuries
Footballers ankle
Footwear
Fracture
Freiberg’s disease
Fabella
Faber test
Facet joint
Fasciotomy
Fat pad
Fibrositis
Finkelstein’s test
Freiberg’s disease
Frozen shoulder
G
Galeazzi’s fracture
Gamekeepers thumb
Ganglion cyst
Gastrocnemius
Gastrosolues
Get up and go test
Gilcrest sign
Gillets test
GIRD (glenohumeral internal rotation deficiency)
Glasgow Coma Scale
Glenohumeral joint
Glenoid fossa
Gleniod labrum
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius and minimus
Golfers elbow
Gonadal trauma
Goose foot muscles
Gait
Trendelenburg sign.
Ganglion
Gastrocnemius
Genu valgum
Genu varum
Gerdy’s tubercle
Gluteus maximus
Goniometer
Gout
Grades of movement
Groin injuries
H
Hallux limitus
Hallus rigidus
Hallus valgus
Hamate
Hammertoes
Hamstrings
Hand
Hand help dynamomter
Handcuff nerve injury
Hautants test
Head imagine
Heart disease
Heat stress
Heel pain syndrome
Heel spurs
HEENT (head eyes ears nose throat) exam
Helfets test
Helmets in sport
Hepatic trauma
Hepatitis
High intensity zone
Hills-Sach lesions
Hip joint
Hoffa’s syndrome
Hook of hamate fractures
Hyperabductoin syndrome
Hyperextension injuries
Hypermobile first ray
Hypermobile subtalar joint
Hyperpronation syndrome
Hypertension
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Hypothenar hammer syndrome
Haemarthrosis
Haematoma
Hallux rigidus
Hallux valgus
Hammer toe
Hamstrings
Heel lock
Hill-Sachs lesion
Hip pointer
Horner’s syndrome
Housemaid’s knee
Hydrotherapy
Hyperextension
Hypermobility
Hypertrophy
Hypomobility
Hypoxia
I
Intrinsic disc pain (IDP)
Iliopsoas syndrome
Impact injuries
Impingement syndromes
Incontinence
Infrapatella fat pad
Infraspinatus
Intensity of training
Intercostal joints
Intercostal spasm
Interdigital neuroma
Interior drawer test
Intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve entrapment
Intermetatrsal articulation
Interphalangeal joints
Intersection syndrome
Intervertebral derangement
Intervertebral disc
Intrathoracic visceral injuries
Intrinsic hand muscles
Intrinsic ligaments of the wrist
Inversion sign
Irritability of muscles
Ishemic compression
Isometric exercises
Iskinetic exercises
Ice therapy
Idiopathic pain
Iliopsoas
Iliotibial band
Iliotibial band friction syndrome
Immobilisation
Infrapatellar bursa
Infrapatellar fat pad
Intercostal muscles
Intervertebral disc
Intra-articular
Intraneural
Irritability
Isokinetic
Isometric
Isotonic
J
Jaw pain
Job relocation test
Joggers
Joints
Joint dysfunction
Joint contracture
Joint Oedmea
Joint fixation
Joint line
Joint line tenderness test
Jones fracture (dances fracture)
Jumpers knee
Juvenile kyphosis
Joint locking
Jordan frame
Jumper’s knee
K
Kehr’s sign
Keinboch’s disease
Kiblers anterior slide test
Kidney trauma
Kinetic chain
Knee injuries
Kocher manoeuvre
Kochler’s disease
Knee reconstruction
Kyphosis
L
Labral lesions
Labral tears
Lachmans test
Laser therapy
Lateral collateral ligament
Lateral epicondyloitis
Lateral epicondylosis
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Lateral pivot shift test
Lateral plantar nerve entrapment
Lateral process of the talus
Latissimus dorsi
Law of repetitive motion
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease
Leg injuries
Ligamentous injuries
Leg length assessment
Leg squats
Lengend brace
Leagth tension relationship
Levator scapulae
Ligament of humphery
Ligament of winslow
Ligament of Wrisberg
Lippman test
Lisfranc’s ligament
Listers tubercle
Little league elbow
Long thoracic nerve
Losee test
Low back pain
Lachman’s test
Laminectomy
Laser therapy
Lateral epicondylitis
Lateral release
Leg length
Lenox Hill brace
Loose body
Lordosis
Lumbar spine
Luschka, joints of
M
Madelungs deformity
Magnetic resonance imaging
MRI Vs MR
Maignes test
Manipulation
Marfan syndrome
McMurrays test
Medial and lateral collateral ligaments
Medial calcaneal nerve compression and heel neuromas
Median nerve
Median nerve compass
Median nerve compression
Medications
Meniscul injuries
Mensical tears
Meniscofemoral ligaments
Meniscopatellar ligaments
Menstruation
Meralgia paraesthesia
Metacarpals
Metcarpophalangeal joints
Metarsaligia
Midtarsal joint
Mild traumatic brain injury
Mills test
Mortons neuroma
Motor control
Muscle tests
Muscle strain
Myasthenia gravis
Myofascial trigger points
Myositis ossificans
Magnetic field therapy
Mallet finger
Manipulation
Manual therapy
Massage
McMurray test
Median nerve
Meniscus
Meniscectomy
Mobilisation
Morton’s neuroma
Multifidus
Myositis ossificans
Myotome
N
Nail bed injures
Neck disability index
Neck injuries
Nerve compression syndromes
Nerve entrapment syndromes
Nerve injuries
Neurapraxia
Neurological examination
Neuromusculoskeletal
Nueropraxia
Meurotmesis
Nimmo technique
Nobel’s test
Nociceptors
Nerve root compression
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Nerve conduction tests
Neural mobilization
Neural tension
Neurogenic
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Nucleus pulposus
O
O’Brien’s test
Obesity
Obturator nerve
Occiptial float
Organomegaly
Orthopaedic tests
Orthostatic hypotension
Orthotics
Osgood-Schlatter’s brace
Osseous injuries
Osseus reserve concept
Osteitis condensans ilii
Osteoarthritis
Osteoblast
Osteochondritis dissecans
Osteochindroses osteoid osteoma
Osteolysis of the distal clavicle
Osteopenia
Osteoporosis
Osteonecrosis
Osteopenia
Osteopath
Osteosarcoma
Otorrhea
Ottawa rules
Overuse injures
Ober’s test
Oedema
Osgood-Schlatter’s disease
Osteitis pubis
Osteoarthritis
Osteochondritis dissecans
Osteophyte
Osteoporosis
P
Pagets disease
Pain management
Pain-spasm-pain model
Painful arch sign
Palmar fasciitis
Palpation
Pancreas
Panda bear sign
Panner’s disease
Parasympathetic nervous system
PARTS evaluation
Patella alta
Patellar inhibition test
Patellar stability
Patellar tendinopathy
Patellofemoral grinding sign
Patellofemoral joint dysfunction
Patellofemoral pain syndrome
Patricks test
Pavlov and Tog classification
Posterior cruciate ligament
Pectoralis major rupture
Pellegrini-stieda disease
Pelvic girdle syndromes
Pelvis
Perineural neuritis of the ulnar nerve
Peripheral fatigue
Periperhal joint injury
Peripheral neuropathies
Peritendonitis
Perianal tendinosis
Peroneus tertius musculotendinosis disruption
Perturbations
Pes anserine
Petrous bone
Phalangeal fractures
Phalens test
Posterior interosseous nerve
Piriformis syndrome
Pivto shift test
Pivot shift phenomenon
Planes and axis of the body
Plantar digital nerve entrapment
Plantar fasciitis
Plantar fat pad injury
Plantar fibromas
Plantar midfoot
Plantarflexed first ray deformity
Plantarus musculotendinosis disruption
Plexius traction injuries
Plica
Plica sutter test
Plica tests
Pluses exercises
Plyometrics
Pneumothorax
Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome
Pontine exercises
Poplitteus
Popliteus tendinitis
Post isometric relaxation stretch
Postconcussive syndrome
Posterior ankle impingement
Posterior cruciate ligament
Posterior drawers test
Posterior interosseous nerve
Posterior interosseous syndrome
Posterior medial impingement syndrome
Posterior meniscofemoral ligament
Posterior sag sign
Posterior tibial nerve entrapment and medial tarsal tunnel syndrome
Posterior tibial tendon
Postural kyphosis
PPE – preparticipation evaluation
Pregnancy
PRICES approach to treatment
Primary degenerative joint disease
Progeria
Progressive overload
Pronation
Pronator syndrome
Propriceptive neuromuscular facilitation
Pseudo-Finkelsteins test
Pulmonary contusion
Palpation
Passive accessory intervertebral movements (PAIVMs)
Passive physiological intervertebral movements (PPIVMs)
Patellar dislocation/subluxation
Patellar tendinitis
Patello-femoral dysfunction
Periostitis
Perthe’s disease
Pes anserinus bursitis
Pes cavus
Pes planus
Phalen’s test
Piriformis syndrome
Pivot shift
Plantar fasciitis
Plicae
Prepatellar bursitis
Proprioception
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)
Pubic symphysis
Q
Q-angle
Quadratus lumborum
Quadriceps
Quadriceps active test
Quervains Paratenonitis
R
Raccoon sign
Radial and ulnar arteries
Radial head subluxation
Radial nerve
Radial nerve compression
Radial nerve palsy
Radial tunnel syndrome
Radiation of pain
Radicular pain
Referred pain
Radiocarpal joint
Radiography
Radiohumeral joint
Range of motion
Referred pain patterns
Reflex therapy
Rehabilitation
Reiters syndrome
Renal trauma
Repetitive strains
Resistance exercises
Restriction of sports activities
Reverse Lachmans
Reverse pivot shift test
Review of symptoms
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rhomberg manoeuvre for balance
Rhomboids
Ribs
Roos stress test
Rotator cuff
Runners toe
Rusts sign
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
Rehabilitation
Reiter’s syndrome
Retrolisthesis
Rheumatoid arthritis
R.I.C.E.
Rotator cuff
S
Sabre shin deformity
Salter-Harris epiphyseal fracture
Saphenous nerve entrapment
Scalp injuries
Scaphoid fracture
Scaphoid impaction syndrome
Scapholunate ligament injury
Scapula
Scapular rotation
Scapulothoracic articulation
Scapulothoracic articulation
Scars
Scheumans disease
Sciatic nerve
Scintigraphy
Scoliosis
Second impact syndrome
Seizures
Semeimembranous
Semitendinosis
Sensorimotor training
Sesamoiditis
Severs disease
Shepherds fracture
Shin splints
Shock
Shoulder injuries
Sternoclavicular dislocations
Shoulder joint complex
Shoulder manipulation
Shultz Osgood-Schlatter Brace
SICK scapula position
Side to side test
Skeletal muscles
Skiers thumb
Skull fractures
SLAP lesions
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Slide gliding
Slocums pivot shift test
Slocums test
Low twitch muscle
Snapping hip syndrome
Snapping hip syndrome coxa saltans
Snellen chart
Social history
Soft tissue injuries
Soft tissue pain and dysfunction
Soft tissue therapy
Solar plexus
Somatic dysfunction
Specificity of training
Space of Poirier
Speeds test
Spinal accessory nerve
Spinal adjustment
Spinal segmental stabilisation training
Spondylolysis
Spondylolisthesis
Spinous process
Spleen
Sports health care team
Sprung pelvis
Squeeze test
Standard of care
Standardised assessment of concussion
Standing heel raise
Static flexibility
Static stretching
Steinmans test
Stenosing tenosynovitis
Sternal trauma
Sternocalvicular joint
Sternocostal joints
Sternomioclavicular joint
Stieda’s process
Stimsons technique
Stingers syndrome
Straddle fractures
Straight leg raise
Strength training
Stress fractures
Stretching
Stroke test
Subclavious
Subdeltiod joint
Subluxation
Subscapularis
Subtalarr joint
Subungual hematoma
Sullivans sign
Superficial peroneal nerve entrapment
Superior gleniod labral lesions
Superior labral anterior posterior lesions
Superior tibiofibular joint
Supination and pronation
Supraspinatus
Supraspinatus outlet impingement
Sural and lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve entrapment
Sympathetic nervous system
Syndrome X
Sacro-iliac joint
Scaphoid fracture
Scapula
Scapulo-humeral rhythm
Scheuermann’s disease
Schmorl’s node
Sciatica
Sclerotome
Scoliosis
Sequestrated disc
Sesamoiditis
Sever’s disease
Shin splints
Sinding-Larsen-Johansson’s disease
Sinuvertebral nerve
Slump test
Spina bifida occulta
Spinal canal stenosis
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolysis
Spondylosis
Straight leg raise (SLR)
Strain
Stress fracture
Subacromial space
Sudeck’s atrophy
Sympathetic Dystrophy
Supraspinatus impingement
Supraspinatus tendonitis
T
Talocalcaneal joint (subtalar joint)
Talocrural joint
Talonavicular joint
Taping and bracing
Tardy ulna nerve palsy
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Tarsmatatarsal joint
Temperomandibular joint
Tendinosis
Tendon injuries
Tendon stability test
Tendon xanthoma
Tendonitits
Tennis elbow
Tennis leg
Tenosynovitis
Tensile strength
Tensor fascia lata
Teres major
Teres minor
Terminal knee extension
Terry Thomas sign
Theraband exercises
Thigh
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Throwing injuries
Tibial nerve
Tibial spine fractures
Tibialis anterior musculotendinous disruption
Tibialis posterior musculotendinous disruption
Tibiofemoral joint
Tilt chin life manoeuvre
Timing of symptoms
Tinels sign
Tissue
Toe crunches
Tone, temperature and texture of soft tissue
Too many toe sign
Transverse abdominals
Transverse ligament
Transverse process
Trapezius
Treatment
Triangular fibrocartilage complex
Triceps brachnii
Triceps tendinosis
Triceps tendon rupture
Tricuspid and pulmonary diseases
Trigger finger
Trunk
Turf toe
Type IV afferents
T4 syndrome
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
Tendonitis
Tennis elbow
Tenosynovitis
Thomas’s test
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Thoracic spine
Traction
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
Trendelenburg gait
Trendelenburg test
Trigger finger
Trochanteric bursitis
U
Uncovertebral joint
Upper limb tension test (ULTT)
Ulnar collateral ligament
Ulnar impingement syndrome
Ulnar nerve
Ulnar nerutis
Ultrasound
Underbergers test
Unilateral On one side of the body
Upper cross syndrome
V
Valgus deformity
Varus deformity
Vastus intermedius Part of the quadriceps muscle group located in the middle
Vastus lateralis Part of the quadriceps muscle group located on the outer aspect
Vastus medialis Part of the quadriceps muscle group located on the inner aspect
Vertebral artery testing Test used by chiropractor and physiotherapists to test integrity of the vertebral artery
Valsalva manoeuvre
Visceral Related to the internal organs of the body
Visceral muscle Muscle associated with the internal organs of the body
Vital signs
Volar DIP joint dislocation
Volar intracapsular ligament of the wrist
Volar plates
W
Winging scapula
Wobble board Also called a stability board or stability pad used by chiropractors and physiotherapist to retain proprioception and control during rehabilitation.
Waldron’s test
Walking
Warm up
Weight bearing exercises
Wilsons test
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Wright’s hyperabduction test
Wristwatch nerve injury
X
X-rays Radiographs use to image the body. Chiropractors and physiotherapists will use these often.
Y
Yergason’s test Special test that focuses on the shoulder and specifically the biceps tendon. You chiropractor or physiotherapist will use this test to look for biceps tendon subluxation.
Z
Zygapophyseal joints These are the joints that join two vertebrae together and are located at the back (posterior) of spinal joints. They are the joints that produce the cracking sound when a chiropractor or physiotherapist manipulates the spine.
